Which type of penetrant is used for non-magnetic materials? a) Water-washable b) Post-emulsifiable c) Solvent-removable d) Fluorescent
Answer: d) Fluorescent
Which parameter affects the penetrant penetrability the most? a) Viscosity b) Surface tension c) Vapor pressure d) Wetting ability
Answer: a) Viscosity
What type of defects are difficult to detect using penetrant testing? a) Parallel defects b) Tight defects c) Shallow defects d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which kind of cleaning removes both soluble and insoluble contamination? a) Mechanical cleaning b) Solvent cleaning c) Chemical cleaning d) Vapor degreasing
Answer: a) Mechanical cleaning
Which type of penetrant has the highest capillarity? a) Hydrocarbon-based b) Water-washable c) Post-emulsifiable d) Fluorescent
Answer: a) Hydrocarbon-based
Tramp oil and grease contamination can be removed using: a) alkali cleaners b) organic solvents c) emulsion cleaners d) all of the above
Answer: d) all of the above
Which penetrant has lowest toxicity and is least harmful to the environment? a) Fluorescent b) Post emulsifiable c) Water washable d) Hydrocarbon
Answer: c) Water washable
Dwell time is the time between ______ and ______. a) Penetrant application, remover application b) Penetrant application, excess penetrant removal c) Part cleaning, penetrant application d) Remover application, part drying
Answer: b) Penetrant application, excess penetrant removal
Which cleaning method removes both watersoluble and oil-soluble contaminants? a) Solvent cleaning b) Aqueous cleaning c) Vapor degreasing d) Emulsion cleaning
Answer: d) Emulsion cleaning
Level III penetrant testing requires certification according to which of these standards? a) ASME b) ISO 9712 c) ASTM d) All of the above
Which exposure method gives the highest sensitivity? a) Forward lighting b) Reverse lighting c) Translighting d) Diffused lighting
Answer: a) Forward lighting
Which cleaning method can remove hard water marks? a) Mechanical b) Solvent c) Chemical d) Vapor
Answer: c) Chemical
Preheat temperature may be required to ______ penetrant penetrability. a) Increase b) Decrease c) Not affect d) Improve
Answer: b) Decrease
The two main functions of a remover are to _______ and ______ excess penetrant. a) Emulsify, deactivate b) Disperse, deactivate c) Remove, deactivate d) Emulsify, remove
Answer: d) Emulsify, remove
Which exposure method gives the least amount of background noise? a) Reverse lighting b) Forward lighting c) Diffused lighting d) Translighting
Answer: c) Diffused lighting
Stop action emulsifiers work by _______ the emulsification process. a) Inhibiting b) Accelerating c) Halting d) None of the above
Answer: c) Halting
What type of penetrant system is non-destructive and reusable? a) Post emulsifiable b) Solvent removable c) Water washable d) Fluorescent
Answer: a) Post emulsifiable
What view angle provides the highest sensitivity for penetrant inspection? a) 0° b) 30° c) 90° d) 150°
Answer: d) 150°
Which parameter affects penetrant capillarity the most? a) Surface tension b) Viscosity c) Vapor pressure d) Wetting ability
Answer: b) Viscosity
Chemical cleaning is done with ______ to remove oil, grease and other contaminants. a) Acids and bases b) Solvents c) Surfactants d) Abrasives
Answer: a) Acids and bases
Post-emulsifiable penetrants function by _________ the emulsifier. a) Activating b) Neutralizing c) Deactivating d) Emulsifying
Answer: c) Deactivating
Which exposure method results in the least legibility of indications? a) Reverse Lighting b) Forward lighting c) Diffused lighting d) Transparent lighting
Answer: c) Diffused lighting
The major disadvantage of aqueous cleaners is that they _____ non-ferrous metals. a) Corrode b) Rust c) Etch d) Tarnish
Which process removes both water-soluble and oil-soluble contaminants? a) Aqueous cleaning b) Vapor degreasing c) Emulsion cleaning d) Solvent cleaning
Answer: c) Emulsion cleaning
Visual acuity is improved by using: a) Magnifying lenses b) Loupes c) Inspection mirrors d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which type of cleaning improves part dryness? a) Aqueous b) Solvent c) Emulsion d) Vapor
Answer: d) Vapor
Heat accelerates the penetrant by: a) Reducing surface tension b) Increasing capillarity c) Lowering viscosity d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which type of remover causes the least amount of part contamination? a) Solvent-based b) Emulsifiable c) Water-washable d) Post-emulsifiable
Answer: c) Water-washable
Which penetrant has the greatest depth of penetration? a) Fluorescent b) Post-emulsifiable c) Hydrocarbon-based d) Water-washable
Answer: c) Hydrocarbon-based
Which exposure method provides maximum flaw contrast? a) Diffused b) Reverse c) Standard d) Transparent
Answer: b) Reverse
Which type of penetrant has highest capillarity? a) Post-emulsifiable b) Fluorescent c) Water washable d) Hydrocarbon
Answer: d) Hydrocarbon
Materials with a) High surface tension and high viscosity resist capillary action the most. b) Low surface tension and low viscosity resist capillary action the most. c) High surface tension and low viscosity resist capillary action the most. d) Low surface tension and high viscosity resist capillary action the most.
Answer: a) High surface tension and high viscosity resist capillary action the most.
Which type of solvent contains ozone depleting chemicals? a) Trichloroethylene b) Perchloroethylene c) 1,1,1- Trichloroethane d) Hydrocarbon solvents
Answer: b) Perchloroethylene
What condition do all penetrants need to exhibit for effective flaw detection? a) Spreadability b) Penetrability c) Retentivity d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Bleed-out occurs when excess penetrant _________. a) Flows out of surface openings and cracks after removal b) Is not completely removed before developer application c) Is absorbed into the part material d) Remains on the surface after removal
Answer: a) Flows out of surface openings and cracks after removal
Acids and bases work by chemically reacting with metal ___________ to break them down. a) Compounds b) Residues c) Salts d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which solvent is recommended for removing water-based penetrants? a) Perchloroethylene b) MEK c) Acetone d) Isopropyl alcohol
Answer: d) Isopropyl alcohol
which type of solvent Should not be used for post-cleaning of parts? a) Trichloroethylene b) Chlorinated solvents c) 1,1,1 – Trichloroethane d) MEK
Answer: b) Chlorinated solvents
Which type of cleaners leave behind residues that can reduce penetrant performance? a) Aqueous b) solvent c) Emulsion d) Vapor
Answer: b) Solvent
Which kind of cleaning removes water-soluble contaminants? a) Aqueous b) Solvent c) Emulsion d) Vapor
Answer: a) Aqueous
Which type of cleaners are most environmentally friendly? a) Solvent b) Aqueous c) Emulsion d) Vapor
Answer: b) Aqueous
Which lighting method provides optimum spread of penetrant? a) Reverse b) Diffused c) Standard d) Transparent
Answer: b) Diffused
Which type of remover is non-destructive and reusable? a) Solvent-based b) Water-washable c) Emulsifiable d) Post-emulsifiable
Answer: d) Post-emulsifiable
Which kind of inspection requires certain amount of background for easy detection of indications? a) Fluorescent penetration testing b) Real-time radiography c) Eddy current testing d) Ultrasonic testing
Jiten Karmakar is an NDT Specialist, holding ASNT NDT Level III and ISO 9712 NDT Level III Qualifications. He is having vast hands-on practical and theoretical experience with all major NDT Methods and technique.
